Individual Level

Cadres should use the handbook as a practical reference for improving their understanding of international relations concepts and problem-solving approaches. By engaging with real-world cases included in the study, they can develop analytical thinking and apply lessons to their own work.

WBL Partner (FAO Xi’an)

Instead of immediately designing large-scale training programs, FAO Xi’an can first adopt the handbook as a flexible learning tool for staff. The case study offers insights into challenges such as balancing central directives with local initiatives, and the handbook provides concrete solutions that can guide cadres in their day-to-day decision-making.

State Level

The experience of Xi’an shows the importance of documenting local diplomatic practices through case studies. Other municipal foreign affairs offices could adopt similar handbooks, tailored to their own context, to enhance the knowledge base and gradually build a more diverse professional culture across China’s local diplomacy system.

International Level

The handbook and case study can serve as a model for peer learning with international partners. Sharing Xi’an’s experience through global city diplomacy platforms will not only improve mutual understanding but also allow Xi’an to position itself as a knowledge contributor in international cooperation.